Medias Influence On Visual Content - 2460 Words

Most advertisements are consisted of pictures and videos, which are designed to propagandize the corporate image and do persuade to public, they always focus on rhetorical figures constructed from visual rather than verbal elements (Phillips McQuarrie, 2004:114). Advertisement is ubiquitous and forms a vast superstructure with an apparently autonomous existence and an immense influence (Gottschalk, 1999:316). Consumers may learn inferences under the influence of communicators’ desireï ¼Ë†O’Donohoe,2001:91 ; Mick McQuarrie,2003:424ï ¼â€°Plus, according to scientific research on human brain, selection on visual content can produce a fast electrical response in the left-brain hemisphere, which suggests the companies have to creative the most†¦show more content†¦At the beginning of Rimowa commercial, a man shows up on the screen with confused eyes, it seems that he is in a street market and the background music is full of exotic tune. Then he unfolds a map. Ap parently, this man doesn’t belong to this place. He stops and asks a people whom looks like a local, and naturally, he puts the silver luggage that has groove structure of the shells (Rimowa 2016) on his back side. However, this side is a slope and the case rolls down the steps. The owner doesn’t notice that, still concentrates on the guide’s explanations. With the ringing crash sounds, the case smashes on the rock stairs, bounces and falls for three times. At the same time the case flies out the narrow alley, a van passes by. The case drops into the car hopper. It looks like the luggage will be took away by the van. But, by a lucky coincidence, one clasp on the car hopper is loose. When the van turn left on a crossing, the right side baffle opens, and the case is been threw out. It hits roadside rocks, lies on the road. Some teenagers see this happen, they stretch out their bodies, want to seize this case. Suddenly, a short, emaciated boy carries the case and c hased by other teenagers. It can be seen in the frames that this boy really wants to own this case, but--- he finally comes

When We Dead Awaken Writing as Re-Vision and In...

Women. Adrienne Rich says we have our work cut out for us. Alice Walker says we could do so much given the artistic chance. Patricia Williams says that we are not sleeping. I listen and relate to these women. And I wonder what do I say? I am a woman. I dont know what it means for me to be a woman. I just am. Be Insatiable. Be insatiable and still a woman. Stand for your beliefs, be a bitch and yet stay soft and sexy and agreeable. I feel like a lousy commercial for some perfume, I can bring home the bacon, fry it up in the pan, and never let you forget youre a man, because Im a woman. I am caught in the crossfire of who I am and who I ought to be according to everybody else. Is this what Williams dream†¦show more content†¦I am an active Mormon woman, but I feel I am neither oppressed nor second class. However, because of prejudices both within and without I feel that I can not fully express myself. Those around me that are my same religion and culture have a hard time seeing outside. They dont attempt to understand from a non-Mormon point of view. Those that are not my religion are tainted because of the predominance of the belief system, and I would say often times their narrow-minded prejudices of others. In class, missionary work came up, the superiority of missionary work. I heard that and it made me mad. But I said nothing. I didnt want to impose my majority view. I didnt want to offend and I wanted to find the right wording for my feelings. But before I could reword my reaction and temper my anger, the class was over, the topger, the class was over, the topic forgotten. I never felt superior and I was a missionary. I went on a mission to share the things that I believed with anyone who would listen. I felt unqualified. What did I know of life? I felt scared, I felt anxiety. I went to Natchez, Mississippi. I felt out of place. And I felt humbled by these people that would let me into their homes and lives. How could white middle class me do this? Let me explain. I found out that no matter in whom or what you believe about spirituality, the discussion of it can come from the heart of a person. As a missionary,Show MoreRelatedKhasak14018 Words   |  57 Pagescontributed six novels, seven collections of short stories, six collections of political essays and a volume of satire. He has also translated his own works into English. He was a true visionary and India’s foremost fabulist in the recent past. His writing is as evocative as that of William Cuthbert Faulkner and Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Speaking of his enormous range one can notice his transition from the angry young man to t he mature transcendentalist in his novels. His economy of words, intensive broodingRead MoreSda Manual Essay101191 Words   |  405 Pagesin the Place of Worship ..................... 76 Arrangements for Church Meetings.......................................... 77 Hospitality ................................................................................ 77 Unauthorized Speakers in Our Churches ................................. 77 Place of Music in Worship ............................................................ 78 Place of Music in Worship ....................................................... 78 Sing With the Spirit and the

Equity Research Report Hul Free Essays

EQUITY RESEARCH REPORT (HUL) FMCG SECTOR INDIA OUTLOOK The burgeoning middle class Indian population, as well as the rural sector, present a huge potential for this sector. The FMCG sector in India is at present, the fourth largest sector with a total market size in excess of USD 13 billion as of 2012. This sector is expected to grow to a USD 33 billion industry by 2015 and to a whooping USD 100 billion by the year 2025. We will write a custom essay sample on Equity Research Report Hul or any similar topic only for you Order Now This sector is characterized by strong MNC presence and a well established distribution network. In India the easy availability of raw materials as well as cheap labour makes it an ideal destination for this sector. There is also intense competition between the organised and unorganised segments and the fight to keep operational costs low. CHALLENGES TO FMCG SECTOR * Increasing rate of inflation, which is likely to lead to higher cost of raw materials. * The standardization of packaging norms that is likely to be implemented by the Government by Jan 2013 is expected to increase cost of beverages, cereals, edible oil, detergent, flour, salt, aerated drinks and mineral water. * Steadily rising fuel costs, leading to increased distribution costs. The present slow-down in the economy may lower demand of FMCG products, particularly in the premium sector, leading to reduced volumes. * The declining value of rupee against other currencies may reduce margins of many companies, as Marico, Godrej Consumer Products, Colgate, Dabur, etc who import raw materials. HIGH GROWTH DRIVING FACTOR * Increasing rate of urbanization, expected to see major growth in coming years. * Rise in disposable incomes, resulting in premium brands having faster growth and deeper penetration. * Innovative and stronger channels of distribution to the rural segment, leading to deeper penetration into this segment. Increase in rural non-agricultural income and benefits from government welfare programmes. * Investment in stock markets of FMCG companies, which are expected to grow constantly. This sector will continue to see growth as it depends on an ever-increasing internal market for consumption, and demand for these goods remains more or less constant, irrespective of recession or inflation. Hence this sector will grow, though it may not be a smooth growth path, due to the present world-wide economic slowdown, rising inflation and fall of the rupee. This sector will see good growth in the long run and hiring will continue to remain robust DEMAND FOR FMCG SECTOR Confidence of consumer product makers is waning as a delayed  monsoon  and lingering weakness in the economy threaten to subdue revenue growth for the sector in the next two quarters. Several marketers, including Dabur, Marico,  Godrej Consumer Products Ltd  (GCPL),  ITC  and  Emami, fear pressure on premium products and rural demand – two important growth drivers – in the coming months as sustained high  inflation  and a hold-up in monsoon could prompt buyers to tighten purse strings. While the high-end, super-premium segment does not get impacted by inflation, demand in the mass premium segment could contract if overall economic sentiment does not improve,† said Sunil Duggal, CEO ofDabur India, the maker of Real juices and Vatika shampoo. ABOUT HUL HUL is the market leader in Indian consumer products with presence in over 20 consume r categories such as soaps, tea, detergents and shampoos amongst others with over 700 million Indian consumers using its products. Seventeen of HUL’s brands featured in the  ACNielsen  Brand Equity list of 100 Most Trusted Brands Annual Survey (2011). The company also happens to have the highest number of brands in this list, with six brands featuring in the top 15 list. The company has a distribution channel of 6. 3 million outlets and owns 35 major Indian brands. Its brands include LABOR COST IN INDIA IS THE LOWEST AMONG THE EMERGING ASIAN COUNTRIES HUL RATIOS RATIO| 2012| 2011| 2010| 2009| 2008| Current Ratio| 0. 8954| 0. 9000| 0. 81268| 0. 9834| 0. 65823| Quick Ratio| 0. 4978| 0. 4711| 0. 48604| 0. 5436| 0. 27253| Cash Flow Liquidity ratio| 0. 6038| 0. 5519| 0. 80573| 0. 6679| 0. 38392| Average Collection Period| 13. 343| 17. 560| 14. 0918| 10. 01| 12. 2710| Days Inventory Held| 48. 957| 59. 526| 53. 1215| 51. 365| 60. 4530| Days Payable Outstanding| 73. 481| 81. 979| 104. 886| 66. 724| 87. 8556| Account Receivable turnover| 27. 355| 20. 785| 25. 9014| 36. 494| 29. 7448| Accounts Payable Turnover| 3. 6017| 3. 0947| 2. 43856| 3. 9712| 3. 01573| Inventory Turnover| 5. 4059| 4. 2619| 4. 81485| 5. 1589| 4. 38272| Fixed assets turn over| 10. 36| 9. 01| 8. 01| 12. 34| 8. 87| Total Assets Turnover| 4. 9807| 5. 4970| 6. 59332| 7. 9313| 8. 55871| Debt Ratio| 0| 0| 0. 00402| 0. 1683| 0. 06321| LONG TERM DEBT TO CAPITAL EMPLOYED| 0| 0| 0. 00402| 0. 683| 0. 06321| gross profit ratio| 16. 449| 40. 107| 41. 4842| 49. 423| 51. 688| Operating Profit Ratio| 16. 456| 15. 911| 16. 8758| 15. 909| 18. 0540| Net Profit Ratio| 11. 947| 11. 520| 12. 2033| 12. 268| 13. 8754| Return on Investments| 59. 509| 63. 326| 80. 4618| 97. 307| 118. 755| Return on Equity| 76. 068| 84. 339| 81. 1040| 117. 42| 127. 232| Cash Return on Assets| 0. 4351| 0. 5281| 1. 29341| 0. 7963| 1. 07195| Price to Earning| 18. 569| 26. 227| 30. 0113| 37. 728| 56. 8245| Peer comparison s. no. | Name | Market capitalisation| Sales turnover| Net profit | Total assets| 1| GODREJ| 22933. 3| 2980. 08| 604. 39| 2761. 43| 2| DABUR| 22448. 83| 3759. 33| 463. 24| 1576. 54| 3| MARICO| 13361. 56| 2970. 30| 336. 58| 1677. 27| 4| EMAMI| 9101. 40| 1389. 82| 256. 81| 804. 23 | 5| PG| 8103. 50| 1297. 41| 181. 29| 600. 62| 6| GILLETTE| 7130. 13| 1232. 90| 75. 73| 600. 33| 7| JYOTHY LABS| 2860. 82| 662. 97| 83. 52| 1226. 42| 8| BAJAJ CORP. | 2926. 40| 473. 31| 120. 09| 427. 86| 9| HUL| 118139| 22116. 37| 2691. 40| 3512. 93| BALANCE SHEET OF HUL| ——————- in Rs. Cr. ——————-| | Mar ’12| Mar ’11| Mar ’10| Mar ’09| Dec ’07| | | 12 mths| 12 mths| 12 mths| 15 mths| 12 mths| | | | | | | Sources Of Funds| | | | | | | | | | Total Share Capital| 216. 15| 215. 95| 218. 17| 217. 99| | | | | | | Equity Share Capital| 216. 15| 215. 95| 218. 17| 217. 99| 217. 75| | | | | | Share Application Money| 0. 00| 0. 00| 0. 00| 0. 00| 0. 00| | | | | | Preference Share Capital| 0. 00| 0. 00| 0. 00| 0. 00| | | | | | | Reserves| 3,296. 11| 2,417. 30| 2,364. 68| 1,842. 85| 217. 75| | | | | | Revaluation Reserves| 0. 67| 0. 67| 0. 67| 0. 67| 0. 67| | | | | | Networth| 3,512. 93| 2,633. 92| 2,583. 52| 2,061. 51| 1,439. 24| | | | | | Secured Loans| 0. 00| 0. 00| 0. 00| 144. 65| 25. 2| | | | | | Unsecured Loans| 0. 00| 0. 00| 0. 00| 277. 30| 63. 01| | | | | | Total Debt| 0. 00| 0. 00| 0. 00| 421. 95| 88. 53| | | | | | Total Liabilities| 3,512. 93| 2,633. 92| 2,583. 52| 2,483. 46| 1,527. 77| | | | | | | Mar ’12| Mar ’11| Mar ’10| Mar ’09| Dec ’07| | | | | | | | 12 mths| 12 mths| 12 mths| 15 mths| 12 mths| | | | | | | Application Of Funds| | | | | | | | | | G ross Block| 3,574. 67| 3,759. 62| 3,581. 96| 2,881. 73| 2,669. 08| | | | | | Less: Accum. Depreciation| 1,416. 88| 1,590. 46| 1,419. 85| 1,274. 95| 1,146. 57| | | | | | Net Block| 2,157. 79| 2,169. 16| 2,162. 11| 1,606. 8| 1,522. 51| | | | | | Capital Work in Progress| 210. 89| 299. 08| 273. 96| 472. 07| 185. 64| | | | | | Investments| 2,438. 21| 1,260. 68| 1,264. 08| 332. 62| 1,440. 81| | | | | | Inventories| 2,516. 65| 2,811. 26| 2,179. 93| 2,528. 86| 1,953. 60| | | | | | Sundry Debtors| 678. 99| 943. 20| 678. 44| 536. 89| 443. 37| | | | | | Cash and Bank Balance| 510. 05| 281. 91| 231. 37| 190. 59| 200. 11| | | | | | Total Current Assets| 3,705. 69| 4,036. 37| 3,089. 74| 3,256. 34| 2,597. 08| | | | | | Loans and Advances| 1,314. 72| 1,099. 72| 1,068. 31| 1,196. 95| 1,083. 28| | | | | | Fixed Deposits| 1,319. 9| 1,358. 10| 1,660. 84| 1,586. 76| 0. 75| | | | | | Total CA, Loans Advances| 6,340. 40| 6,494. 19| 5,818. 89| 6,040. 05| 3,681. 11| | | | | | Deffered Credit| 0. 00| 0. 00 | 0. 00| 0. 00| 0. 00| | | | | | Current Liabilities| 5,688. 44| 6,264. 21| 5,493. 97| 4,440. 08| 4,028. 41| | | | | | Provisions| 1,945. 92| 1,324. 98| 1,441. 55| 1,527. 98| 1,273. 90| | | | | | Total CL Provisions| 7,634. 36| 7,589. 19| 6,935. 52| 5,968. 06| 5,302. 31| | | | | | Net Current Assets| -1,293. 96| -1,095. 00| -1,116. 63| 71. 99| -1,621. 20| | | | | | Miscellaneous Expenses| 0. 00| 0. 00| 0. 00| 0. 0| 0. 00| | | | | | Total Assets| 3,512. 93| 2,633. 92| 2,583. 52| 2,483. 46| 1,527. 76| | | | | | CAPITAL ASSET PRICING METHOD 1. REQUIRED RATE OF RETURN = Risk free return +? (Risk premium) Ri = Rf + ? (Rm – Rf) = 8. 1 +0. 27 (6. 5) Ri = 9. 855% 2. ZERO GROWTH MODEL Where, dividend = Rs. 7. 5 Po = d/r = 7. 5/9. 855% Po = 76. 10 3. CONSTANT GROWTH MODEL (GORDON MODEL) PO = DO(1+g) r-g d1 r-g Where , growth rate = historical growth of average dividend paid of last 5 years g = 6. 75% = 7. 5(1+6. 75%) (9. 855-6. 75)% PO = 258. 266 4. Implicit growth P0 = d1 R – g Where, po = 534. 25, d1=8. 006 , r= 9. 855% P0 = d1 R – g 534. 25= 8. 006/ (0. 098-g) G= 0. 083 or 8. 3% Cash flow model Ri = 9. 855% Calculation of growth rate of cash flows =(1. 69*1. 51*. 54)1/3 -1 = . 1128 =11. 28% Assuming the abnormal growth of (11. 8%) is for 2 years, and after this the company is back to normal growth trajectory of 6% growth rate Cash flow from operation = 2884. 24 crore Vc = 2884. 24(1+. 1128)/(1+. 09) + 2884. 24(1+. 1128)2/(1+. 09)2 + 2884. 24(1+. 1128)2(1+. 06) (9. 855-6)% (1. 09)2 Vc = 88605 Vp = 0 Vd = 1000 Therefore, Ve = Vc – Vp – Vd = 88605-1000 = 85605 crore Total no. of shares outstanding = 216. 15 crore Po = Ve Total no. of shares outstanding = 85605/216. 15 Po = 396. 04 MULTIPLE MODEL p/e of company=32. 95 p/e of industry = 44. 0 price of company’s share = 534. 25 earnings for the company’s stock = price of co. stock p/e of the co. =534. 25/32. 95 Earnings for the company’s stock = 16. 21 Po = Earnin g’s of company*P/E of industry =16. 21*44. 50 Po = 721. 345 Analysis: The current market price of the stock is Rs.. 534. 25 , as per the valuation of stock under distinct method , it is assessed that the stock is overvalued therefore new buyers should not invest at this point, whereas, those who are invested in share are advised to sell the share and enjoy the profits Performance of stock in last 1 year How to cite Equity Research Report Hul, Essays

Strategies for Global Business Marketing

Question: Discuss about the Strategies for Global Business Marketing. Answer: Introduction: The global brand chosen for the expansion is Cartier. It is a French luxury goods conglomerate company. The company is well known for manufacturing, designing, selling and distributing the jewellery but has been best known for its wristwatches and necklaces. The diamond necklace as Bestiary has produced a long sales history to the celebrities and loyalties. Cartier has been headquartered in Paris, France and it serves the royalties all over the world. In addition, it has a wide portfolio of the products of fashion accessories such as leather goods, eyewear, and perfumes, fine objects, women and men watches. Cartier is regarded as the global brand because it is recognized all over the world and its products are ever evolving (Sullivan Mort et al., 2012). It has evolved from a brand into a lifestyle and has a network of 300 plus boutiques. Global brands are those whose products are recognized all over the world (Alden et al., 2013). On the other hand, the geographical spread of Cartier is fantastic and different shops have been added by the brand in the market of Japan, Middle East, America and Europe. The products of the company are sold and recognized as most valuable brand in almost all parts of the world. It also has a clear demonstration of brand leadership. Cartier is the forefront of the global luxury brand according to the report of Interbrands Best Global brand (Au.cartier.com, 2016). Discussion: The host country chosen for the expansion of Cartier, is Australia. As per studies, Australian culture is the most diversified in the world. The detailed discussion of culture of Australia is done by using the Hofstede model. The culture of country is measured on six dimension using this model. Power distance- On this dimension, Australia scores low. The reason for establishing hierarchy within the organization is convenience. Managers are reliable on teams and individual employees for the expertise and superiors are easily accessible. Information between the managers and employees are shared frequently. Communication is participative, direct and informal. Individualism- Australia is a highly individualistic country and has a score of 90 on this dimension and has a loosely knit society where people are expected to look after themselves and their immediate families. The employees are expected to display initiative and be self-reliant in the business world. Moreover, the decisions to hire and promote the employees are based on evidence or merit of what one is capable of doing or has done. Masculinity- Australia is considered as a Masculine society and it scores 61 on this dimension. The behaviour of people at work, place and school is based on the shared values that the people should strive to the best they can. The achievements and success in life of the people determines the basis of promotion and hiring decisions at the work place. In case of conflict between the people, the goal is to win and it is resolved at an individual level. Uncertainty avoidance- Australias score is intermediate in this dimension and it scores 51 as per the criteria. Long-term orientation- In this regard, the culture of Australia is a normative culture. Australia stands at 21 in this dimension. There is a strong concern among the people in the event of establishing the absolute truth. Conversely, the people are normative in their thinking and are exhibiting great respect for their traditions (Vitell et al., 2013). They focus on achieving the quick results and have a relatively small propensity to save for the future. Indulgence- Australia has a high score of 71 in this dimension. It is regarded as an indulgent country. The people who are classified as highly indulgent are classified by achieving high score depicting the willingness so that their impulses are realized. The Australians exhibit desires about having fun and enjoying life and they have a tendency towards optimism and possess a positive attitude (Venaik et al., 2013). The people place a higher degree of importance on leisure time. People act in a way they are pleased and they spend money as they wish. Impact of the introduction of the products of Cartier on Australia: The target market of Cartier are the people who belongs to the luxury sector of the market. These people are the individual who are having the socio economic status and classified at the top end spectrum of wealth. Moreover, the target consumers after launching the products are spending heavily on the famous luxury brand and on authentic items as they intend to enhance their position and image in the society (Xu, 2013). There are portfolio of products offered by Cartier. For example, Cartiers watches cost as high as the cost of newly acquired car. Brisbane is the first market in Australia, where Cartier has opened its boutique store. It has also opened its store in Melbourne as well as in Sydney. However, the Brisbane market was ready for accepting the high price jewellery powerhouse as the people are well educated and are willing to spend large amount of money on the fashion accessories (Schlegelmilch, 2016). Cartier would lose lots of money if they miss out opening stores in Australia. The Brisbane luxury precinct are firmed up as the addition of Cartier store had attracted the high-end retailers. The fashionistas in the market of Brisbane and Sydney have shown an advancement in growing to the introduction of the wide range of products from Cartier. Consumers have also become more sophisticated as result of the introduction of the product such as high-end wristwatches (Au.cartier.com, 2016). This is indicative of the fact that the consumers in the market of Brisbane is becoming more cosmopolitan and fashion conscious. Moreover, the shoppers in the Brisbane market have been crying out for good international global brands. In addition, introduction of Cartier has made the branded fashion items at their doorstep. The Cartier jewellery has given the precious stones a power of attraction on women and women accounts for a large part of fair audience in Australia. However the consumers in Australia are becoming increasingly sophisticated and evolving and people are becoming more educated and knowledgeable about the range of watches available withy Cartier (Reebonz Australia, 2016). A new collection that is Sortilege de Cartier attempts to capture the personality, lifestyle and motives and this constitute good psychographic segmentation for the brand. Marketing of the products of Cartier in Australia: The marketing of the luxurious products by Cartier would be boosting and enhancing the culture of elite class of Australians because products like watches and jewellery has become a byword for luxury. The charming designs of the products of the brand speaks of excellence and this is the reason that the brand pioneered and gained elite status. Moreover, it depicts an expert blend of passion, valour and sophistication as they should not be missed because they outline the fashion staples of daily outfit. Cartier has marketed its products through the online and social media platform. This has helped in gaining the target market attention. On the other hand, the staging of site on sites like Ice Online boast one of the largest collection of high-end Cartier watches in Australia (Iceonline.com.au, 2016). Customers have been targeted by offering the online discounts on the sales price for the wide variety of timepieces of Cartier. There are few Cartier boutiques opened in Australia. Luxury brand make use of digital technologies to market their products (Gabrielsson et al., 2012). In Australia, Cartier has enhanced the brand awareness among consumers by making use of internet. The brand distributes its collections through the Cartier boutiques worldwide and collections are sold to the retailers through the authorized dealers. Conversely, Cartier has marketed its jewellery through the online site such as Reebonz, which is the premium destination for buying the Cartier jewellery. This luxury brand has offered up to 70% discount on the stunning jewelleries and other accessories. Figure: Jewellery by Cartier (Source: Au.cartier.com. Rings 2016) The above image is the jewellery collection of Panthere De Cartier. This is an iconic symbol of Cartier and it resembles resilience and elegance which are white or yellow gold and diamonds that are embodied in the tsovarite garnet eyes (Iceonline.com.au, 2016). This sophisticated jewellery is targeting the elegant class of consumers and it makes a versatile statement piece. However, the collections are sold via the online retail as it has its own websites as its distribution channel. The various distribution channels of Cartier has been able to meet the needs of fashion conscious consumers. Moreover, the people in need of the items of international global brands are provided with the elegant watches, classic watches and many more. This has helped the elite class customers to get the desired products at their doorstep (Yaprak Cavusgil, 2015). Recommendation: It is not long time that Cartier has opened its stores in Australia. Moreover, the consumers of Australia has the potentialities and they are driven by the fashion trends. Therefore, Cartier should take the appropriate strategic approach in marketing its collection to experience huge volume of sales. Conclusion: The report presented above presents the fact that the culture market of Australia has received upliftment and has become more cosmopolitan. This is in light of the introduction of the products by the luxury brands such as Cartier. The responses of people have been quick and adaptive to the changing culture due to the introduction of these classic and sophisticated collections. They have even become increasingly aware of the fashion trends and styles. Hence, they seem more inclined towards buying the jewellery and watches for maintaining the etiquettes of culture. Reference: Alden, D. L., Kelley, J. B., Riefler, P., Lee, J. A., Soutar, G. N. (2013). The effect of global company animosity on global brand attitudes in emerging and developed markets: does perceived value matter?Journal of International Marketing,21(2), 17-38. Au.cartier.com. Rings. (2016).Retrieved 29 December 2016, from https://www.au.cartier.com/en-au/collections/jewelry/categories/rings.htmlCartier Jewellery. (2016). Reebonz Australia. Retrieved 29 December 2016, from https://articles.reebonz.com/designer-jewellery/cartier-jewellery/Cartier Watches | Ice Jewellery Australia. (2016). Iceonline.com.au. Retrieved 29 December 2016, from https://www.iceonline.com.au/watches/cartier/ Gabrielsson, P., Gabrielsson, M., Seppl, T. (2012). Marketing strategies for foreign expansion of companies originating in small and open economies: the consequences of strategic fit and performance.Journal of International Marketing,20(2), 25-48. Schlegelmilch, B. B. (2016). Entering Global Markets. InGlobal Marketing Strategy(pp. 43-61). Springer International Publishing. Sephora - Roma - Cartier boutiques and authorised partners. (2016).Au.cartier.com. Retrieved 29 December 2016, from https://www.au.cartier.com/en-au/find-boutique/store-locator-listing/australia/sydney/boutique-cartier-sydney-castlereagh-street-BTQ112.html?sw=httpssw=http Sullivan Mort, G., Weerawardena, J., Liesch, P. (2012). Advancing entrepreneurial marketing: Evidence from born global firms.European Journal of Marketing,46(3/4), 542-561. Venaik, S., Zhu, Y., Brewer, P. (2013). Looking into the future: Hofstede long term orientation versus GLOBE future orientation.Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal,20(3), 361-385. Vitell, S. J., Nwachukwu, S. L., Barnes, J. H. (2013). The effects of culture on ethical decision-making: an application of Hofstedes typology. InCitation Classics from the Journal of Business Ethics(pp. 119-129). Xu, S. (2013). Drivers of Global Business Success: Lessons from Emerging Markets.European Journal of Marketing. Yaprak, A., Cavusgil, S. T. (2015). Global Sourcing: An Overview of Offshore Investment Strategies. InProceedings of the 1989 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 128-131). Springer International Publishing.